Journal of KIBIM ISSN:2288-1697(Print) 2288-1697(Online) 한국BIM학회논문집

The purpose of this study is to develop a user-centered strategy for improving transfer efficiency in a multimodal transit hub by integrating microscopic pedestrian simulation with the Design of Experiments (DOE) approach. Daejeon Station Transit Hub was selected as the case study, and simulation inputs were constructed using on-site field observations and KORAIL boarding and alighting statistics, including pedestrian demand, transfer routes, and spatial configurations. A microscopic pedestrian simulation model was developed in VISSIM based on the Social Force Model. In addition, a 2×2 factorial experiment was designed using escalator addition and elevator service expansionas the main design factors, resulting in four scenarios (S1–S4). Transfer performance was evaluated using Weighted Average Converted Distance (WACD) and transfer time. The results show that the combined improvement scenario (S4) achieved the highest overall efficiency, reducing WACD by approximately 20% and transfer time by about 10% compared with the baseline scenario (S1). DOE analysis further identified significant main effects and an interaction effect between the two facilities, indicating that their combined impact is not a simple additive effect but an interdependent and non-linear relationship within the transfer system. These findings suggest that integrated vertical circulation planning is more effective than isolated facility provision for improving user convenience and operational efficiency. Although this study is based on a single case, it presents an evidence-based analytical framework that combines field observation, microscopic simulation, and experimental design, and it may be extended to the planning and operation of other complex transit hubs.